wonnarua family tree

The spirit of Kawal is embodied in the wedge tailed eagle, found throughout the Hunter Valley. This also made it easier for the maker to scrape the billet down to the required thick- ness with the crude tools at his command. Often, some black would feel the urge to make something, becoming suddenly industrious in the manufacture of a large number of weapons intended to be exchanged for other articles with members of one of the neighbouring tribes. The coffin was lifted upon the shoulders. They did not do much work, but would catch fish or get game for a bit of nulli (bread). The main camp of the natives who were present at the ceremonies was pitched in an open forest, on some gently sloping ground a few chains easterly from the left bank of a small watercourse, a tributary of the Allyn River, within Portion No. The remnant of this fine old tribe is sadly degenerated by contact with the whites and strong drink; but still you may find them possessing good traits of character. The rough, outside bark, the exterior of the canoe, would be care fully trimmed away with the blade of a tomahawk until the surface was smooth and clean. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1. In this paper he provides an overview of frontier history from the perspective of his people - the Wonnarua from the Hunter Valley.. About the Author James Wilson-Miller is the Curator of Koori History and Culture, Powerhouse Museum, Sydney and a PhD student in the SELF Research Centre. Swiftly punitive bands were organised to hunt them down. Such a tribe, on reaching the main camping place, and finding all the people gone away, would go to the kackaroo, and on seeing the index pole would start away in that direction, and join the other people at the new camp, and take up their quarters on the side nearest their own country. Fame Cove was taboo after the sun had fallen, and no native would linger in that vicinity when the shadows began to lengthen. This ap peared to cause great confusion among the women, who probably believed that their offspring had been captured by the evil spirit. This template also provides some clues as to where the . Coen [also spelt Koin] is an imaginary male being who has now, and has always had, the appearance of a black; he resides in thick bushes and he is seen occasionally by day, but mostly at light. This means, that the big question remains unanswered. Little trouble was taken over their preparation, it seeming to be a point of practice to scorch feathers and flesh into a delectable outer covering One of the most fancied foods was the flying-fox (kundewung), and great was the excitement that prevailed when these creatures were about. YES, there is a family tree template on Word. In the days of which I speak the great bats subsisted entirely on gum blossoms and what native fruits were available In the brushes. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. having no desire to return to her tribe. Grass never grows on the bora ring. Two days prior to this, while in the Jerrys Plains area, Cunningham had noted Exocarpus [Native Cherry] and Sterculia heterophyllus [Kurrajong - NSW Herbarium] appearing in every part of the Forest. It was confidently believed that the pain would leave the mans body by way of the cord ahd passing down with the blood from the womans mouth, dissipate Itself in the water. They [roared] out their lusty choruses until the very echoes trembled on far-away Yacaaba Head. It was the biggest collection of blacks ever seen in the district. The belief was that the fish would eat this part of the girls finger and would ever, thereafter, be attracted to the rest of the hand from which it had come. Explore the world's largest collection of free family trees, genealogy records and resources. Wonnarua Nation Aboriginal Corporation chief executive Laurie Perry said there were "tit-for-tat skirmishes" on the land, but "there was no massacre on the site or recorded massacre on the site". In regard to the food supply of a camp, Dr McKinlay states that the aborigines lived well and happily about Dungog. There is one chorus that I well remember, for it was sung nightly, over and over again, by the whole tribe. When they are considered ready to be made full members of the tribe the elders hold a convention and decide on a bumbat being held, generally when there are three or four youths to be initiated. They, too, were buried at Violet Hill. They will recreate to turn it into a cultural centre that will sustain and strengthen their community and they are pursuing reclamation and recreation of language, material culture, art, family and public history . A service provided by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Note the way the dilli-bag is slung. Bail catch fish, he said. Some with animals, others with birds and hands cut out of the bark. There were a few aboriginals about in those times. When it became necessary to change the fish diet, the blacks had a wide expanse of bush wherever to forage, a territory at that time teeming with game of all descrip- tions. Those who escaped the bullet were killed by falling over the cliffs and being smashed on the rocks below thus, was the whole tribe of blacks with one or two exceptions which inhabited this part of the district exterminated. It was a risky game for the women I but I never heard of one being [attacked]. Pride . The clean, white bark was then split into string, and crocheted into dilly bags and such. Naturally I was eager to see this Interesting spectacle, and rode once more to the camp at the foot of the hill some days later. Sir, I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 19th instant relative to the individual named in the margin [Cooky], and have no hesitation in saying, from the peaceable, honest, and orderly conduct of the blacks in this quarter for many months past it would be perfectly safe to return Cooky to his tribe nay I am sure it would do great good, for he is an intelligent fellow, and will communicate to his friends all he has seen - and come through since they parted, this paving the way to their future improvement, while it must ensure gratitude and good will to the whites. The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups could spear them with ease. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. On the floor of the canoe, usually at the stern, there would be the inevitable mound of clay, the floating fireplace. During the day-time the novices are sometimes allowed to sit up, keeping their eyes towards the ground, but are not allowed to speak to anyone. The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. The lads of the tribe were my playfellows. My old friend the late John Hopson stated that he had been informed by J. W. Boydell that in summertime the Patterson River Blacks ascended the Barrington Tops via the Allyn River Valley and on his visit in Dec 1915, we found a stone axe. They were distributed over the district in local groups known as Nuria and were located at distances about eight miles apart in what the histo- rians of those days termed villages. If some of the men have remained in the camp all day, they also will proceed to the goonambang and meet the others there. They were always in dread of war with the Kamilaroi, a fierce and warlike tribe, who followed down the headwaters of the Hunter from the Talbragar to the Nunmurra waters, and even occasionally made raids as far as Jerrys Plains. Sunday, 9th June. Some cattle were speared and the rest driven through the wild brushes at the head of the Myall, almost to the foreshores of Port Stephens. Respect . What it meant I could never discover. The hull of the little vessel was made of a single sheet of bark of the stringy-bark (punnah) tree, obtained from a tall, straight clean bole. It was no light task to make a boomerang, for a good deal of skill and more than an ordinary amount of patience was necessary. Baime has his arms stretched open protecting the Valley. Boggle. This account is strangely brief. Lettris This stiffened the carcase fairly effectively, thus making it more convenient to carry over the shoulders, a factor appreciated by the man that had to bear the burden for per- haps many a weary mile. 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Before the advent of the whites to the district it was death for a man to speak to her, and for many years after settlement was first established the punishment was a temporary banishment from the camp. When the boys have been sufficiently smoked, their guardians take them away, and they are followed by the other men for about 100 yards. men acting as general advisers, but by what authority I never knew. The ends of the spear shafts were also bound with similar materials to form a small notch. k ;kR&t*V3+h]XMbTEVKy?,gSl2=>`*K~{~O; CYF/!oS!xoE}Xt7r:qQ {K]P)`gXy92$Z:w8 +bO>RoKvxV *KOV>&oU4W =KUOr-dO?owNg[m5f&^#YKoMMFK.%Xtsv]MuU9gy+,]VZ2hBmS hbbd``b`$AC $ IuK`R"sDlqXLW@z%3.` /1 These were particular favorites, and it was no uncommon sight to see a group of excited blacks hacking at a log and dragging out the long, squirming worms ( which they would swallow raw and wriggling. When all is ready, some of the old men who are assisting the women give a signal, and the gupardians and novices approach the kweealbang. We boys did not know that for as a result of ingenuously asking Nancy if she was lonely after the death of Jack, the writer was only saved from personal violence by the presence of some adults. Shortly there was. The flying-foxes would be thrown on a fire to cook, and strangely enough when roasted properly in aboriginal fashion, proved quite tasty. used or I believe ever heard of by our blacks. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. They were not over-particular about the thoroughness with which the delicacy was cooked. The Queen [women], so far as I could ascertain, were marked some- what similarly on the back and across the tops of the shoulders. What makes me remember the corroboree was the fight that followed. or wattles as the blacks at Port Stephens called them, wer e very neatly fashioned and per- fectly balanced. Celebrated Fisherman of New South Wales, in a canoe the woman sitting down is supposed to be is [sic] wife. I was born at Carrington, Port Stephens, on September 19. There was a good deal of make- believe in the business that follow ed, probably carried on for the bene fit of the. On arriving at the circle they walked once round it, and then entered it through the opening in its wall, the women at the same time going out of it by stepping over the embankment at the other end, where they remained as spectators. The animal or bird representing the respective totem is of course sacred to the particular person to whom it belongs, and though he may not kill or eat it, those in other groups are free to do so. The Wonnarua Strategic Plan 2009-2012 (WSP). The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Genealogical Society of Utah (now FamilySearch) ca. (I may here mention this burial place has been held sacred by his descendants, and many of the tribe have been buried there since then, the dead being conveyed many miles in order that they might make this their last resting place.) See if you can get into the grid Hall of Fame ! He used to tell us the blacks at times would what they called fuddle the water with the bark of the turpentine tree, making the fish come to the top, where they were caught by hand. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. This will be seen when the reader has a full account of the Mt. Then two men proceeded to the camp of the females, two or three hundred yards distant, and marched them and the children with their heads prone to the circle, where they were made to lie down and be covered up with boughs, rugs, bark, and whatever was at hand. I also gave them a musket. Another fear was always paramount in their minds, one that could be readily traced back to its genesis,and that was dread of at tack by other tribes. He also created the first initiation site. As soon as the mothers are covered over, they are directed to continue making a low humming or buzzing sound, in order that they may not hear the guardians taking away the novices. Mr. McKenzie was, some four months later, accidentally killed fell off his horse while crossing the Cobark River opposite the reserve above Cobark House and his remains rest on a grassy knoll close by. A row of fires are lit in front of this shelter, and beyond these fires the surface of the ground is cleared of all loose rubbish and grass for a distance of several yards, the rubbish forming a sort of embankment around the farther side of the cleared space. or four more did the same, some most viciously, while others seemed to think a little of that sort of thing went a great way. After a great deal of fuss the men announced that they would make an- other attempt to find the poomblts, and to the accompaniment of clashing spears and hoarse shoutings, dashed out into the screen of bushes again. Barrallier (1802:81-82) observed at Newcastle that the Aborigines ate the roots of Fern [which he surprised a youth in the act of collecting] and a sort of root or yam. up in the smoke, the men raise a guttural shout, and the women wave their arms up and down. This noise they kept up sans intermission. . A large public circle was carved into the flat ground. Never once In all my life at Carrington did I ever see a [child] slapped or chastised, and the younger fry could be mischievous and very trying on occasions. Other plants indicated by the literature to have been exploited for food in coastal regions include various fruits (Caswell 1841), including a sort of wild plum (Threlkeld in Gunson 1974:55) and the stalk of the water lily (Scott 1929:41; Fawcett 1898:152). In the proximity of the new camp, on the side of it nearest the place to which the novices will be taken by the headmen, a piece of tolerably level ground is selected, and cleared of all timber and loose rubbish, and a large fire kindled in the middle of it. And then I read Mary Gilmores book Old Days, Old Ways, telling of how the blacks felled, the trees across the rivers to make fish traps. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p8. The Wonnarua people's traditional lands are located in the Hunter Valley area of New South Wales. Although there was some kind of communal ownership of everything about the camp, there was a distinct proprietary interest by individuals in certain things, particularly weapons. The Wonnarua people are the traditional land owners of the Singleton area and their lands extend throughout the Hunter Valley and have occupied the Upper Hunter for at least 30,000 years, with traditional knowledge holding that occupation extends back to the early stages of the Dreaming. When this painting is completed, two of the men go ahead by themselves, each of them carrying one or two boomerangs in his belt and one in his hand; in the other hand he carries a small bough ready for use by and bye. Wildlife dwindled. The flesh was never more than half roasted indeed it was sometimes almost raw. What huge quantities of fish these blacks could eat! If a wanton slayer of the [womens] sacred bird were detected in his crime, the women would give way to outbursts of furious passion. The blacks living in the district that extends from just about where Brookfield now is to the headwaters of the Chichester and the Williams belonged to a tribe known as the Gringai. One escaped death there only to meet it a few hundred yards across the river, where he was caught by the pursuing foe. When the Wonnarua see the wedge tailed eagle, they know Kawal is looking over them, protecting them. 75-81 York StreetSingleton NSW 2330, telephone My fathers name was called first, followed by quite a number of others, when suddenly, on a certain name being mentioned, the bearers of the body lurched forward as though the corpse had moved. The other piece would be thinner, and rounded In a blunt point. They were made to lie prostrate on the ground, and were covered with rugs and blankets, an old man guarding them, waddy in hand, as I had seen many years before. It was really a land of plenty. That this method was a good one I can bear strong testimony, for the natural juices were preserved within the fish, and the flesh tasted better than when treated any other way. If it chanced the long white worms commonly found in bush animals, these would be swallowed with with rare gusto as the greatest delicacy of all. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 2 Nov 1945 Page 1 THE BLACKS. This cruel happening was not discovered by the boss for quite a time and when it was the man was sent to Newcastle, but it remains unknown what his fate was life was cheap then. The wattie, however, was deadly in its execution, and there was never any doubt about it when it fell. While the covering is being placed over the women, a man runs away to the goolambang and tells the men there that everything is ready. The same noise and blowing was repeated upon lowering the remains into the arms of his brother, who received them, and carefully placed it in what lie considered the most comfortable position, being most careful not a particle of earth should touch the body. The natives of each party harangued each other in turns, and then the strange blacks placed their spears against a tree and gave an invitation to join them. Eather, and a description of the last combined Bora ceremony on the family property in 1852. Plains Clans of the Wonnarua People A5410(x) Xerox copy of The History of Bulga near Singleton N.S.W. The mothers of the boys are on the outside, or farthest from the fire, which is composed of pieces of wood and bark, slowly burning within the circle of green bushes which are laid around it. Fanny, on seeing it, became greatly agitated and ordered me to restore it to its hiding place at once. The novices are then put back in their former places, and the keerang proceed to erect their quarters, by adding to one end of the same line of forks and bushes already described. Owing to the humming noise which they have themselves been making, and the quiet manner in which the men and boys have come in, such of the younger women who have not been to a keeparra before are surprised to see the cordon of white men standing around them. 'The Valley was always there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. A long neck of land formed by the junction of a creek with the river [near Gresford] was the place chosen as that of interment. Some language documentation may also record words and meanings inaccurately. Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. Gringai land also includes the southern valleys of the Barrington Tops. The Dutton Family Tree, Explained. The [women], who played a part in this ceremony were made to lie down around the edge of the oval, al- though whether within or outside the defined ring I am not able to say with certainty. to 30-In. The men help each other at this work, until every man and boy present have been painted white all over their bodies. A section of the Kamilaroi occupied the upper waters flowing into the Hunter and Goulburn, and the easy gap from the west probably afforded them ready access for their raids. On the eventful morning I went to the place indicated, where I found about two hundred of the tribesmen differently, but tastefully, painted in red, white, and yellow, and armed to the teeth. It was isolated and open to attack. Get Started. To dig his grave a spade was borrowed from us, and the excavation was made on the foreshores, a few yards above high- water mark. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Collection, Australian Museum Research Institute (AMRI), Australian Museum Lizard Island Research Station. The lamentation at the grave and the chopping of heads.and burning of arms was something not easily to be forgotten. Gordon Bennett (reprinted 1964) p9. What the first settlers also brought with them were a wide range of European diseases, to which the locals had no immunity, resulting in what in other parts of the world has been called conquest by disease. I believe the blacks had a story about them, but I do not know it. The edible fruits found in the Barrington Tops area include: orange thorn, wild apple tree, giant stinging tree, figs, native cherry, geebung, na tive raspberry, lillypilly and medicines like Kangaroo apple and corkwood. necessity no doubt guided their deft hands, for the art of fashioning their weapons was inherited from countless generations who had to pit their wits against Nature in the battle for survival. Mr. F. A. Fitzpatric, a man remembered with respect as the editor of the Wingham Chronicle wrote a book which he called Pioneer Days on the Manning . They wer e propelled by paddles made from seasoned hardwood, and shaped after the manner of a large spoon or butter bat. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. Warning: This article contains content that some readers may find distressing. The perpetrators were the Barrington River natives. When the novices have got about 50 or 100 yards from the kackaroo, two men who were in readiness, one on each side of the ring, commence loudly sounding their bull-roarers. The woman about to be married made a camp and a fire, to which the man was led by his father or any old man of the tribe. He wished to see some blacks that had been camped near where Brookfield is now, but when he reached their settlement he found it deserted. All the armed men who are standing round, make a noise by beating together two boomerangs, or any two weapons which they may happen to have with them. Online help is available anytime from other FamilySearch users. It is on record of authentic nature that incredible crudities were practised upon the poor blacks by some of these hardened wretches. Their pronunciation was confusing to the early white settlers, hence many words were corrupted. Such is far from being the case, for they had [a] keen an ear for melody That they understood harmonisation I am able to vouch for, and there were popular melodies, some quite catchy, in their repertoire What accompani- ment was played to their songs was contributed by means of the gentle clashing together of boomerangs or spears, the rhythmic beating making a not unpleasant obligato to the lusty choruses they sang. During the celebration of these rites, a bull-roarer is sounded in the neighbouring forest. In the meantime the novices, who are now called keeparra, have been taken a short distance from the main camp, where quarters are prepared for them, and their guardians remain with them. Tra ditional hunting grounds were depleted, and sacred sites were destroyed. Learn more about this collection acquired by Alexander Morrison in the New South Wales Hunter Valley during in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Blacks of Dungog, Port Stephens and Gresford. Illustration from Notes on the Aborigines of New South Wales - Plate 9 Bull-roarers used by the Australian Aborigines source: Wikicommons. This cleared space was connected with the top of a hill and another cleared space by a narrow path. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. The novices and guardians occupy a central position, and the rest of the men camp under the remainder of the shelter, in both directions. Simply put, a family tree is a record of the lineage of a family. [citation needed], It was forbidden to mention or talk about the name of Baiame publicly. It was the kinship group that moved within various allotted areas of Wonnarua lands in search of food, and it was only occasionally that these groups would meet to discuss important matters concerning the Wonnarua people as a whole. Ditional hunting grounds were depleted, and a description of the bark at stern! The Gloucester Advocate ( NSW: 1894 - 1954 ) Tuesday 6 November 1923 p 1 animals others. Land also includes the southern valleys of the District southern valleys of the the Gloucester Advocate NSW! Called them, protecting them crocheted into dilly bags and such wedge tailed eagle, they know Kawal embodied! That follow ed, probably carried on for the women wave their arms up and.... The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups spear! Stretched open protecting the Valley story about wonnarua family tree, protecting them poor blacks by some of hardened! Painted white all over their bodies men help each other at this,. 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