But the little mini-concussions are just as dangerous because you might be sustaining six to ten, maybe a dozen of these hits during the course of a game. October 8, Every play was a fight. And there may be other confounding factors in terms of the genetics that we simply don't understand. Addiction Neuroscience [Video segment of Addiction]. He'd say, "You know, the worst thing is, is I'm actually getting to the point where sometimes, or if I don't have my medicine," he said, "I'm cold and I don't realize that I can fix it by putting a jacket on.". He now admits there were problems with the research. And there's only one place in your body that you really don't understand. NARRATOR: It took Goodell 24 years to work his way to the top. But I'm not out there crying about it. He looked beat up. Sacramento, Calif. - Bennet Omalu, a UC Davis clinical professor of pathology who discovered the devastating neurological disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) in the brain of the Pittsburgh Steelers legend Mike Webster, appeared in a PBS Frontline documentary titled " League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis. GINA SEAU, Ex-Wife: We didn't know why he was detached or forgetting, or why he would bark at us for nothing or we didn't know. And he said, "I used to be." Mark Fainaru-Wada, WRITTEN BY And you know, that wasn't fair to those kids or those parents, but especially those kids. CHRIS NOWINSKI: As long as the NFL dismissed this, that meant that parents were signing their kids up to go play football, believing that there was no risk. Answered over 90d ago. He was the right person to do it. NARRATOR: Besides Mike Webster and Terry Long, Omalu also found CTE in the brains of Andre Waters and Justin Strzelczyk. And I said, "Because you suffered a concussion today." Just a few blocks from NFL headquarters, the commissioner had another problem. I think I have more than enough reasons to believe that I'm going to be fighting this myself. Annoyed. And that problem is that he had just gotten off the phone with Tyler Seau, and according to Tyler, the NFL informed him that Omalu's research is bad and that his ethics are bad, that he's essentially unethical. NARRATOR: They'd been college sweethearts. NARRATOR: Attorney Bob Fitzsimmons drew up a disability claim against the NFL. JANE LEAVY, Journalist: The brains are precious cargo. Dr. McKee had read Dr. Omalu's research, but she wanted to see for herself. Dr. ANN McKEE: I'm up against a lot of doubters. FRED SMERLAS, Buffalo Bills, 1979-89: Well, Webby would hit you with his head first. NARRATOR: It was the first hard evidence that playing football could cause permanent brain damage. Like, he didn't have that stamina physically. JIM OTTO, Oakland Raiders, 1960-74: I mean, it's affected my life. And how common is this? STAN SAVRAN: People liked the violence of it. Dr. ANN McKEE: We have examined thousands of brains, and this is not a normal part of aging. NARRATOR: Then 11 years after he retired, the people of Pittsburgh received some bad news. We're going to give them the money, advance that science. During this whole run of research that's being published, the day of reckoning, where the league has to answer to somebody about what it's doing about concussions, just keeps getting pushed off and pushed off and pushed off. We strong we strongly deny those allegations that we withheld any information or misled the players. STEVE FAINARU: He was very much a creature of this expanding juggernaut of the NFL. But 27 years and four children later, Mike and Pam Webster's marriage ended. NARRATOR: To her, it may be the beginnings of an epidemic. Or is it the result of steroid or drug abuse in a small number of NFL players? Depends on who you listen to. And bearing in mind that only six former NFL players have been examined for CTE, I find these results to be not only incredibly significant but profoundly disturbing. NARRATOR: It was now in writing. cheryl mchenry retiring; fruit pizza with cool whip no cream cheese; pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation close. ROGER GOODELL: [CBS "This Morning," September 4, 2013] There was no admission of guilt. We're talking about a nefarious injury, one that you never feel until it's too late. APA reference style is a style of citing sources used by the American Psychological Association.It is primarily used in the social sciences and includes guidelines for citing sources both within the text of a document and in the . ST. LOUIS - On January 5, the winner of a $50,000 scratch-off ticket bought in Charleston, Missouri, went to the St. Louis Regional Office to claim the prize. STEVE FAINARU: And that decision would change the NFL because if Webster's brain had not been examined, I don't honestly think that we would be where we're at today. ANNOUNCER: Here comes Seau! STEVE FAINARU: Very, very quickly, she got serious pushback from Ira Casson and the rest of the committee. And Mike's favorite games were the ones that were cold and snowy and frigid. "Frontline" League of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisis (TV Episode 2013) cast and crew credits, including actors, actresses, directors, writers and more. You know, these all look like they could be frontal temporal dementia." Jon and Jo Ann Hagler on behalf of the Jon L. Hagler Foundation. Not logged in. Ah! UNV 504 Week 2 APA Activity 2: Citing Practice. He'll be flanked by Anastasia Danias she's from the National Football League and also Beth Wilkinson from Paul Weiss. And he could get up there with his short sleeves. But it did establish, you know, this kind of impressive-looking set of findings which pushed off the day of reckoning for the league. Jeff Seamon on it. Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. So yes, I think that was probably what was driving the suggestion that "Let's have NIH get involved.". Web Site Copyright 1995-2023 WGBH Educational Foundation. He said, "All you got to do is tase me right here." You've got the very real question being asked of whether the nature of playing the sport exposes you to brain damage and lots of science that suggests that it can. COLIN WEBSTER: I'd come outside sometimes and just see him, you know, sitting in the truck. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: I think everyone now has a better sense of what damage you can get from playing football. He was on my left. He would just go off on the tangents at that point. No. ANNOUNCER: A decades-long battle between scientists, players and the nation's most powerful sports league. NARRATOR: And according to Dr. McKee, there was something else, something familiar about the way the NFL committee was acting. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: I look back on some of the papers, yeah, I think I could have done it differently. But now the NFL's concussion crisis was again national news. "Concussion Watch" tries to answer these questions by tracking every officially reported head injury in the NFL. For the past four years, journalist Josh Baker has been trying to uncover the truth about an American familys journey from Indiana to the Islamic State groups caliphate and back. NARRATOR: Dr. Ira Casson and others on the committee expressed their skepticism that playing football was the cause of CTE. PAM WEBSTER: He took a knife and slashed all his football pictures. ROGER GOODELL: The answer is the medical experts would know better than I would with respect to that, but we, ALAN SCHWARZ: His consistent response to questions was, "I am not a scientist and any questions about the long-term effects of concussion or head trauma in NFL players are better addressed to scientists.". Morgan Stanley helps people, institutions and governments raise, manage and distribute the capital they need to achieve their goals. I mean, we're going to present her findings. NARRATOR: From the beginning, the league's board was skeptical, reluctant to give Webster money. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee soon had three brains, all with CTE. NARRATOR: The admission would not be made public until years later, when it was discovered by the Fainaru brothers. pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation. STEVE FAINARU: There were cracks running the length of his feet, and they were incredibly painful. NARRATOR: Dr. McKee had examined thousands of brains, but the location of the damage from CTE was different. STEVE FAINARU: Here's a guy who's spent more than half of his life in the NFL, and more than anyone should be acutely aware of the sort of dangers that are lurking in this problem. JOSEPH MAROON, M.D., MTBI Committee, 2007-10: I think we're very early in the evolutionary understanding of CTE. Find an answer to your question Create a reference page by citing the following sources in correct APA format. NARRATOR: The Monday night games were always among the highest rated television broadcasts. STAN SAVRAN, Pittsburgh Sports Reporter: It fit the personality of a society that became more violent, that became faster, wanted instant gratification. . Educational DVDs ofLeague of Denial: The NFL's Concussion Crisisare available from ShopPBS. Is this something that everybody will get if they have enough brain trauma? Michael Kirk. MICHAEL ORIARD, Center, Kansas City Chiefs, 1970-73: The way the game is played, I don't see how you can eliminate all of those routine hits that linemen make every play. Create your citations, reference lists and bibliographies automatically using the APA, MLA, Chicago, or Harvard referencing styles. NARRATOR: Nowinski's press conference was no match for the show the NFL was putting on across town. View film. The skin on his forehead had built up almost a shelf of scar tissue that from the continuous pounding of his head into other people. 45 had CTE. NARRATOR: Nowinski made the hard calls, asking families to donate the brain of a deceased loved one. ", NARRATOR: insisted that players could return to the same game after suffering a concussion, DOCUMENT: "Return to play does not involve a significant risk of a second injury. And so a critical question is why does one person get it and another person doesn't. Refer to the guidelines for writing an effective summary presented in the Lecture 2 as a guide. And it starts destroying the integrity of the brain cells. And they kept interrupting. ANNOUNCER: Well, that's a sight we thought would be impossible. But then a familiar story his life fell apart. And it became part of the popular jargon, you know, "He knocked him silly. PETER KEATING: All the teams are present. NARRATOR: NFL commissioner Paul Tagliabue orchestrated the league's response. What the trial would have done was bring out that evidence. And it wasn't hypothetical. PAM WEBSTER: We didn't understand what was happening. NARRATOR: For Mike Webster, the head hits just kept on coming for 17 years. January 28, An accompanying bookwritten by ESPN investigative reporters (and brothers) Mark Fainaru-Wada and . NARRATOR: As Bailes left the meeting, he ran into New York Times reporter Alan Schwarz. MARK LOVELL, Ph.D., Neuropsychologist: There's been a sense of fear that's been put into parents that "Maybe I shouldn't let my kids play sports." Simply copy it to the References page as is. The Super Bowl is a spectacle. NEWSCASTER: A former Tampa Bay Buccaneer was found dead this morning, NEWSCASTER: A former Tampa Bay Buccaneers player. STEVE FAINARU, FRONTLINE/ESPN: They call him, like, the designated brain chaser, like that's his job, to go out and get the brains. They were all destroyed and gone and broken glass, and they were all down, you know? Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. Year after year after year, at crisis after crisis after crisis, the concussions committee and its members assured the public that the league was looking into this. Season 2013: Episode 2. NARRATOR: At 43, his business empire had imploded. FRONTLINE is a registered trademark of WGBH Educational Foundation. I have to stun him, get my hands on him, throw him off when I see where the ball is going. HARRY CARSON, Author, Captain For Life: The human body was not created or built to play football. These are the sources and citations used to . And I took as much brain trauma as anybody. NARRATOR: The NFL doctors insisted Dr. Omalu was misunderstanding the science of brain injury. This is not good science. So I think the incidence and prevalence has to be a lot higher than people realize. STEVE FAINARU: The NFL is broadcast over five networks. MARK FAINARU-WADA: Roger Goodell's on notice. ROBERT STERN: For some reason, the repetitive brain trauma starts this cascade of events in the brain that changes the way this tau looks and behaves. You know, he had veins all over his legs, varicose veins and stuff like that. LEIGH STEINBERG: The actual logo of Monday Night Football showed helmets hitting together. A text book: The second edition of Psychology and Your Life by Robert S. Feldman written in 2013. He may have been "the" legend and "the" hero because here's that blue-collar worker, a center, who doesn't get any glory, doesn't catch the touchdown passes, doesn't kick the 52-yard field goal to win a game. TV is paying huge money to televise the sport. To cite an episode of TV: Writer, W. In the text, include the source name and year of publication in parentheses at the end of your sentence, before the punctuation. NARRATOR: Almost two decades after the NFL founded its first scientific committee to research the issue, the league continues to insist the evidence of a link between CTE and football is unclear. ANNOUNCER: Tonight on FRONTLINE, the epic story of football's concussion crisis. NARRATOR: A number of prominent scientists believe she has overstated the dangers of playing football. And he said, "No, you can't attend. NARRATOR: In 1991, Mike Webster left football. How do you eliminate them with and have the game still be football? Included with PBS Documentaries on Amazon for $3.99/month after trial. Dr. ANN McKEE: There were NFL players out there that were talking to their wives and saying, "I think this might be something." NARRATOR: At the same time, far from the action, another researcher had received word of Seau's death. And that is not scientifically valid data. And a lawyer is not there to offer competitive athletic advice, either. And I remember thinking, "Why is Ira Casson calling me?". It goes awry. NARRATOR: The final diagnosis in Seau's case was national news. He played for nearly 20 years in a brutal and punishing sport, and you know, this is what's going on with him. GINA SEAU: I can understand where certain groups are saying, "Wow. NARRATOR: For Steinberg, there was a growing recognition of just how dangerous the sport was. NEWSCASTER: Terry Long killed himself by drinking anti-freeze. NARRATOR: Then there was the matter of Webster's forehead. So I get it. Produced by: Michael Kirk. That brain is normal. It's you know, it's a way of life. Goodell had grown up in Washington, the son of a United States senator from New York. Neither group showed any significant growth (Wong and Tuttle 2005). Paraphrasing content from first source . And this is what jumped out at him as he looked at it through the microscope. 100%. (Producer) Bruce, C. (Producer) & Gigliotti, D. (Producer) Dr. BENNET OMALU: I came to work one morning and everybody there said, "Hey, we have another case for you." I'm a man of science. The league actually never got around to looking at it in any kind of valid way. Segments from videos are created and titled by Films on Demand, making the segmenting proprietary. Dr. ROBERT CANTU: The papers started to make statements about multiple head injuries were not a problem in the NFL. STEVE FAINARU: The Disability Committee is part of the NFL. 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pbs frontline special league of denial apa citation